Over the last few decades in Latin America, changes have been undertaken to recognize important rights of the indigenous peoples in the respective constitutions. This paper covers the theme of the right to self-determination, and the ways that the indigenous peoples wish to exercise the said right, which, in turn, has brought up the themes of autonomy and the Plurinominal State. Furthermore, the constitutional amendments which are intended to incorporate the demands for autonomy of indigenous communities are discussed, along with the general characteristics of the actions instituted in each country, such as the autonomous regions in Nicaragua, the Rural Native Indigenous Autonomy in Bolivia, the Indigenous Territorial Entities in Colombia, the Indigenous Territorial Constituencies in Ecuador, the Regions (or Reservations) in Panama, and the Communes in Venezuela.